Indus Valley

Indus Valley

 

1. Indus Civilisation is one of the four earlieSt civilisation of the world along with the civilisation of Mesopotamia (Tigris and Eugphrates), Egypt (Nile) and China (Hwang Ho).

2 The civilisation forms part of the proto-history of india and belongs to the Bronze age.

3.The most accepted period is 2500-1700 BC (by Carbon-14 dating)

4.Dayaram Sahni first discovered Harappa in 1921.
RD Bannerjee discovered Mohenjodaro in 1922.

Geographical Extent

Covered parts of Punjab, Sindh, Baluchistan, Gujarat, Rajasthan and some parts of Western UP.

Major sites in Pakistan are Harappa (on Ravi in Western Punjab), Mohenjodaro (on Indus), Chanhu-Daro (Sindh), etc. In India, major sites are Lothal, Rangpur and Surkotda (Gujarat), Kalibangan
(Rajasthan), Banwani (Hissar), and Alamgirpur (Western UPTown Planning

Town- Planing

Elaborate town-planning. It follows the grid system. Roads well out, dividing the town into large rectangular blocks.

Used burnt bricks of good quality. It Good drainage system.

In Mohenjodaro, a big public bath (Great Bath) measuring 12 m by 7 m and 2.4 m deep, has been found. 

Agriculture

 

» Grew wheat, barley, rai, peas, sesamum, mustard, rice

(in Lothal), cotton (first to produce cotton), dates, melon, etc.

Used wooden ploughs.

Art: and Graft;

The Harappan Culture belongs to the Bronze Age. in Potter’s wheel was in use.

Bronze image of the famous dancing girl (identified as devadasi) has been found at Mohenjodaro. Economic Life

» Barter system was there. 16 was the unit of measurement.

an seals (made of steatite, had design on one side)  and other material has been found at Mesopotamia. 

Religious Life . 

main object of worship was the Mother Goddess.

phallus (lingam) and yoni worship was also prevalent. 

Many trees (pipal), animals (bull), birds (dove, pigeon)  and stones were worshipped,